What is the difference between Research Methods and Research Methodology?

Research Methods are the specific tools and procedures (surveys, sampling, experiments) used to gather data. Research Methodology is the broader philosophical framework that explains why those specific methods were chosen.

What does Reliability mean in research?

Reliability refers to the consistency of a research study. If the same results can be replicated using the same techniques under identical conditions, the research is considered reliable.

What is an Inductive Hypothesis?

An Inductive Hypothesis is formulated during or after the research process based on specific observations and data patterns, moving from the specific to the general.

How is Self-Plagiarism defined in academic writing?

Self-plagiarism is the reuse of an author's own previously published work in a new manuscript without proper citation, misleading readers about the novelty of the research.

What are the characteristics of Quantitative Research?

Quantitative research treats the world as an objective reality, using standardized data, numerical measurements, and statistical analysis to establish patterns and generalizable results.

UGC NET English Aug 2024 Shift 2: Research Methodology Solved

Q.86

Q. The key principles of research design brought together in material on measurement principles, sampling, case study, survey, and experimentation is termed as:

1) Research Methodology

2) Research Methods

3) Research Techniques

4) Research Designs

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Correct Answer: 2 (Research Methods)

Explanation: Research Methods refer to the specific tools, procedures, and techniques used to collect and analyze data (e.g., surveys, sampling). In contrast, Methodology is the broader philosophical framework that justifies why those specific methods were chosen.

Q.87

Q. Which type of research treats the physical and social world as objects based on standardized data?

1) Empirical

2) Action

3) Quantitative

4) Qualitative

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Correct Answer: 3 (Quantitative)

Explanation: Quantitative research relies on objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data. It treats the world as an objective reality that can be observed and measured through standardized instruments.

Q.88

Q. The property of research to replicate the same results using the same technique is termed as:

1) Validity

2) Reliability

3) Relevance

4) Coherence

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Correct Answer: 2 (Reliability)

Explanation: Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results. If the same result is achieved repeatedly using the same method, the research is reliable. Validity, however, refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.

[Image of the difference between reliability and validity diagram]

Q.89

Q. A manuscript having an overlap with earlier papers by the same authors or by some of the present authors is termed as:

1) Plagiarism

2) Self-Plagiarism

3) Intersexuality

4) Multiple References

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Correct Answer: 2 (Self-Plagiarism)

Explanation: Self-plagiarism (or auto-plagiarism) occurs when an author reuses significant portions of their own previously published work without proper attribution, presenting it as entirely new research.

Q.90

Q. A hypothesis made during or after the research work is over is known as:

1) Inductive Hypothesis

2) Deductive Hypothesis

3) Null Hypothesis

4) Internal Hypothesis

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Correct Answer: 1 (Inductive Hypothesis)

Explanation: Inductive Reasoning moves from specific observations to broader generalizations. Thus, an Inductive Hypothesis is formulated after observing the data. A Deductive Hypothesis is created *before* the research, based on theory, to be tested.

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