Language Basic concepts theories and pedagogy English in Use and Linguistics
Section Overview: Detailed explanations for questions from the UGC NET English Dec 2024 Exam regarding Language Basic concepts theories and pedagogy English in Use and Linguistics.
Question 83
The line "Thou still unravished bride of quietness" presents which of the following
rhetorical figures?
The line "Thou still unravished bride of quietness" presents which of the following
rhetorical figures?
Correct Answer: 2. Apostrophe
The line "Thou still unravished bride of quietness" is the opening line of John Keats's "Ode
on a Grecian Urn." It directly addresses the urn as a personified object, which is a clear
example of apostrophe.
🔹 What is Apostrophe?
A figure of speech in which the speaker addresses an absent person, abstract idea, or
inanimate object as if it were alive or present.
🗣️ Example: "O Death, where is thy sting?"
🔸 Why the other options are incorrect:
● Anastrophe: Inversion of normal word order (e.g., "Strong in the Force, you are.") -
not used here.
● Anaphora: Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses -
not present.
● Chiasmus: A rhetorical inversion of the second of two parallel structures - not
applicable.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 84
Identify the correct statements concerning the respective genre:
A. An epistle is a literary genre in the form of letters.
B. Epigraph is an inscription on a funeral monument.
C. Epigram is a short, pithy poem wittily expressed.
D. Epitaph is a formal statement in the beginning of a literary work
E. Epyllion is a short poem in the meter of an epic poem.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Identify the correct statements concerning the respective genre:
A. An epistle is a literary genre in the form of letters.
B. Epigraph is an inscription on a funeral monument.
C. Epigram is a short, pithy poem wittily expressed.
D. Epitaph is a formal statement in the beginning of a literary work
E. Epyllion is a short poem in the meter of an epic poem.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer: 3. A, C and E only
Correct Statements:
● A. Epistle → Correct
An epistle is a literary work in the form of a letter, often formal and didactic in tone.
Example: Alexander Pope's "Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot"
● C. Epigram → Correct
An epigram is a brief, witty, and often satirical poem.
Example: "I can resist everything except temptation." - Oscar Wilde
● E. Epyllion → Correct
An epyllion is a short narrative poem written in the style or meter of an epic.
Example: Hero and Leander by Christopher Marlowe
🔸 Incorrect Statements:
● B. Epigraph → Incorrect
An epigraph is a quote or inscription placed at the beginning of a book or
chapter, not on a funeral monument.
(Funeral inscription = Epitaph)
● D. Epitaph → Incorrect
An epitaph is a brief text honoring the dead, usually inscribed on a gravestone,
not a preface or formal opening statement.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 85
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I (Terms)
A. Antonomasia
B. Antiphrasis
C. Apocrypha
D. Aretalogy
LIST-II (Meaning)
I. Writings or statements of doubtful or spurious authorship.
II. A figure of speech in which some defining word or phrase is substituted for a
person's proper name.
III. A narrative of miraculous deeds of God or Hero.
IV. Ironic or humorous use of words in senses opposite to the generally accepted
meanings.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I (Terms)
A. Antonomasia
B. Antiphrasis
C. Apocrypha
D. Aretalogy
LIST-II (Meaning)
I. Writings or statements of doubtful or spurious authorship.
II. A figure of speech in which some defining word or phrase is substituted for a
person's proper name.
III. A narrative of miraculous deeds of God or Hero.
IV. Ironic or humorous use of words in senses opposite to the generally accepted
meanings.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
This question deals with literary terms often encountered in rhetorical and biblical studies.
A. Antonomasia → II: A figure of speech where a title or descriptive phrase is used
instead of a proper name. Example: Calling Shakespeare "The Bard."
B. Antiphrasis → IV: The ironic use of a word to mean the opposite of its usual meaning.
Example: Saying "What a pleasant day!" during a storm.
C. Apocrypha → I: Refers to texts of uncertain authenticity, especially religious writings
not considered part of the canonical scriptures.
D. Aretalogy → III: A narrative praising the divine acts of gods or heroes, often found in
religious or mythological texts.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 86
Which of the following statements are correct about "Litotes"?
A. It contains an understatement for emphasis.
B. It is not the opposite of hyperbole.
C. It is used with laconic intentions.
D. It is used with ironic intentions.
E. It is used in a dramatic context.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements are correct about "Litotes"?
A. It contains an understatement for emphasis.
B. It is not the opposite of hyperbole.
C. It is used with laconic intentions.
D. It is used with ironic intentions.
E. It is used in a dramatic context.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer: 4. A, C and D only
🔹 Correct Statements:
● A. Understatement for emphasis ✅
Litotes often downplays a point to ironically emphasize it.
Example: "He's not unfamiliar with hardship" (meaning: He knows hardship well).
● C. Laconic intentions ✅
Litotes can convey meaning in a concise, restrained, or modest manner-typical
of laconic expression.
● D. Ironic intentions ✅
Often carries irony or dry humor, especially when understatement contrasts with
the actual situation.
🔸 Incorrect Statements:
● B. Not the opposite of hyperbole ❌
Litotes is the opposite of hyperbole. While hyperbole exaggerates, litotes
understates.
● E. Used in a dramatic context ❌
Litotes is more often found in ironic, rhetorical, or restrained expressions, not
primarily dramatic contexts.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 87
When was 'International Phonetic Alphabet' (IPA) developed and promulgated?
When was 'International Phonetic Alphabet' (IPA) developed and promulgated?
Correct Answer: 3. 1888
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was developed by the International Phonetic
Association and officially promulgated in 1888.
● It was designed as a standardized system to represent the sounds (phonemes) of
all spoken languages.
● The IPA uses unique symbols derived mainly from the Latin alphabet, with
modifications, to provide precise phonetic transcriptions.
🔹 Purpose of IPA:
● To aid in language learning, linguistic research, and speech therapy
● Commonly used in dictionaries, linguistics, and phonetics teaching
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 88
The Grammar Translation Method in English Language Teaching stresses on:
The Grammar Translation Method in English Language Teaching stresses on:
Correct Answer: 2. Accuracy
The Grammar Translation Method (GTM) is one of the oldest and most traditional
methods of language teaching, originally developed for teaching classical languages like
Latin and Greek.
🔹 Key Features:
● Focus on grammatical rules and vocabulary memorization
● Emphasis on reading and writing, with little attention to speaking or listening
● Uses native language translations to understand the target language
● Accuracy is prioritized over fluency
● Language is learned through explicit grammar instruction and sentence
translation
🔸 Why Others Are Incorrect:
● Fluency - Emphasized in Communicative Language Teaching, not GTM
● Appropriateness - Related to pragmatics and communicative competence
● Listening Skill - Not a focus in GTM; it's stressed in Audio-Lingual and
Communicative Methods
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 89
Identify the correct statement on about 'Langue' and 'Parole" below:
A. Langue is the abstract language system, the grammar of a language.
B. Parole is the language actually produced by its users following Langue.
C. Langue is the language actually produced by its users following Parole
D. Parole is the abstract language system, the grammar of a system.
E. Langue and Parole are not related to one language as concepts.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Identify the correct statement on about 'Langue' and 'Parole" below:
A. Langue is the abstract language system, the grammar of a language.
B. Parole is the language actually produced by its users following Langue.
C. Langue is the language actually produced by its users following Parole
D. Parole is the abstract language system, the grammar of a system.
E. Langue and Parole are not related to one language as concepts.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Correct Statements:
● A. Langue → ✅
Refers to the structured system of rules, conventions, and grammar shared by a
speech community. It is social, abstract, and collective.
● B. Parole → ✅
Refers to the individual use of language - actual speech, writing, or utterances
produced by users, following the structure of langue.
🔸 Incorrect Statements:
● C. ❌ Reverses the relationship. Langue is the system; parole is its usage.
● D. ❌ Parole is not abstract or systematic; it is concrete and individual.
● E. ❌ Langue and Parole are indeed concepts related to a single language
system.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.
Question 90
Functional Communicative Approach in English Language Teaching is in opposition
to the:
Functional Communicative Approach in English Language Teaching is in opposition
to the:
Correct Answer: 4. Structural Approach
The Functional Communicative Approach focuses on using language to communicate
real meaning in context. It emphasizes the functional use of language in social
situations, promoting fluency and communicative competence over rote memorization.
Why it opposes the Structural Approach:
The Structural Approach is form-based, focusing on grammar rules, sentence patterns,
and language structures, often taught in isolation.
● It treats language as a system of rules to be learned systematically.
● Emphasis is on correct usage, not communicative use.
In contrast, the Functional Communicative Approach:
● Focuses on real-life communication.
● Encourages learners to use language for specific purposes like requesting,
apologizing, or giving directions.
● Prioritizes meaning over form.
Detailed Explanation:
No detailed explanation provided.