Assertion (A): James Ellroy started writing crime fiction, commencing with Brown's Requiem (1981). This statement is correct. James Ellroy indeed began his career as a writer of crime fiction, and one of his early works is "Brown's Requiem," published in 1981.

Reason (R): James Ellroy's mother was murdered in 1958. This statement is also correct. James Ellroy's mother was tragically raped and murdered in 1958, which had a profound impact on his life and influenced his writing.

Lee Earle "James" Ellroy is an American crime fiction writer and essayist known for his telegrammatic prose style, particularly in novels like The Black Dahlia (1987) and L.A. Confidential (1990).

"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" by Walt Whitman is considered one of his most intricate and successful poems, exploring the connection between suffering and art.

Initially titled "A Child's Reminiscence," the poem was first published in the Saturday Press on December 24, 1859.

Later, the poem was included in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass under the title "A Word Out of the Sea". It is found within the section titled Sea-Drift.

Across the River and Into the Trees, written by Ernest Hemingway, was published in 1950 by Charles Scribner's Sons. With death as its central theme, the novel explores how individuals face mortality.

Light in August, a novel written by William Faulkner in 1932, belongs to the Southern gothic and modernist literary genres.

Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is the debut book by American writer Herman Melville, published in 1846 when he was 26 years old, based on his experiences on Nuku Hiva island.

Pudd'nhead Wilson, penned by Mark Twain in 1894, revolves around a central intrigue involving two boys switched at infancy.

Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is American writer Herman Melville's first book, published in 1846, when Melville was 26 years old. Considered a classic in travel and adventure literature, the narrative is based on Melville's experiences on the island Nuku Hiva in the South Pacific Marquesas Islands in 1842.

Major Works of Herman Melville include Omoo (1847), Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (1851), "Bartleby, the Scrivener" (1853), and Billy Budd, Sailor (published posthumously).

List of Plays by Arthur Miller:

• No Villain (1936)
• They Too Arise (1937, based on No Villain)
• All My Sons (1947)
• Death of a Salesman (1949)
• The Crucible (1953)
• A View from the Bridge (1955)
• Some Kind of Love Story (short play, 1982, second part of Two Way Mirror)

Other Explanations:

The Real Thing is a play by Tom Stoppard.

The Crying of Lot 49 is a 1966 novella by Thomas Pynchon.

Tiny Alice is a three-act play written by Edward Albee.

'Skunk Hour' is one of Robert Lowell's most frequently anthologized poems. It was published in his groundbreaking book of poems, Life Studies, and is regarded as a key early example of Confessional poetry.

‘Night Sweat’ by Robert Lowell was originally published in his book “For the Union Dead” in 1964. It is an autobiographical sketch of the poet’s struggle to versify his thoughts.

Other Explanations:

"Howl" is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955.

"Anecdote of the Jar" is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium.

"The Gift Outright" is a poem written by Robert Frost, famously recited at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy.

Adrienne Rich is known for works like "Diving into the Wreck" (1973), "Snapshots of a daughter-in-law" (1963), and "Transcendental Etude" (2010).

Other Explanations:

The poem "Ripples on the Surface" by Gary Snyder brings thought to how alienated nature has become from civil society. His poem is a declaration that society should embrace and integrate itself with nature once again.

"The Applicant" is a poem written by American confessional poet Sylvia Plath on October 11, 1962. It was first published on January 17, 1963 in The London Magazine and was later republished in 1965 in Ariel.

Invisible Man is a groundbreaking novel by Ralph Ellison, published in 1952. It follows the journey of an unnamed African-American narrator as he navigates a racially oppressive society. Through encounters with various social and political forces, he grapples with his own identity and the struggle for collective self-definition.

The first-person narrator remains nameless, retrospectively recounting his shifts through the surreal reality of surroundings and people from the racist South to the no less inhospitable world of New York City. The novel delves into themes of invisibility, alienation, and the complex dynamics of race and power in 20th-century America.